Seven Certified Microorganism Strains Plus Saccharomyces Boulardii Some doctors are recommending a combination of certified probiotic strains plus Saccharomyces boulardii, a special strain of yeast with probiotic capabilities. Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast that is recognized to have probiotic effectiveness used alone and/or in combination with other probiotics to support digestion. These types of formulations are often referred to as "Defense" formulas. Saccharomyces boulardii is considered a non-pathogenic, non-colonizing baker's yeast species, which is very closely related to brewer's yeast also known as S. cervesiae. The S. boulardii, although it is recognized as a yeast, is not related to the Candida species (Candida albicans, tropicalas, etc.), which can cause pathogenic infections in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Pro-Bio Defense™ is Kirkman Laboratories combination probiotic product providing the six strains of organisms present in Pro-Bio Gold™,plus Saccharomyces Boulardii, plus another hearty strain of organism called Lactobacillus plantarum, a resident strain in the gastrointestinal tract which is extremely resistant to the stresses of the intestinal environment. This probiotic supplement is a combination of the most important "resident" as well as "transient" microorganisms, which contribute to maintaining and promoting a healthy GI tract, with the added capabilities of the Saccharomyces boulardii strain. (See the section on Pro Bio Gold™ for a discussion of the other 6 strains) Kirkman guarantees the potencies of all of the individual strains of organisms at the time of manufacture. This makes it unique when comparing to some other similar products available. Independent laboratory testing verifies these potencies. There are numerous factors that contribute to the friendly bacteria (like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Thermophilus) being destroyed or depleted, which includes: Environmental toxins/chemicals Excessive stressful conditions Improper diet or nutrient deficiencies Food allergies/sensitivities Overgrowth of yeasts, bacteria, viruses, etc. Abnormal permeability of the intestine Exposure to numerous medications Gastrointestinal related issues Pro-Bio Defense™ utilizes seven probiotic strains, which have undergone DNA fingerprinting in supporting their identity and have exhibited long-term stability. Over 65 scientific studies and published articles have been written in support of the strains with documented ability of these strains to: Possess a high tolerance to survive stomach acids and bile salts. Support the body's natural defenses and the intestinal tract's immunological barrier. Help alleviate occasional diarrhea & constipation. Addresses lactose intolerance issues. Documented ability to adhere and colonize the GI mucosal membrane. Assist with regulating intestinal mobility and normal bowel function. May help create an inhibitory effect on free radical activity in the colon